Know history of Carpathian Ruthenia. Also look at :http://wapedia.mobi/en/Military_history_of_Carpathian_Ruthenia_during_World_War_II or http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/eceurope/xcarpruth.html Military_history_of_Carpathian_Ruthenia_during_World_War_II this:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5V6j8eM8ew and this:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-bDOH_RPUc Since the 10th century, this area was known as Ruthenia also it was known as Carpato Rusynia whose main inhabitants were ethnic Rusins not Russians nor Ukrainians, it was ruled Ruled by the Kiervan Princedom. The land saw much fighting during those times. During the 13th century Prince Roman of Wolynia conquers it and the area is now named Halicz (Halyczyna, Galicja). Prince's Roman son, Daniel, after defeating Poland and Hungary is crowned as the King of Galicja. After a Mongol invasion and the seizure of Daniel's lands and after the demise of the Roman Dynasty, the Polish King Boleslaw and later Kazimierz the Great annexed Galicia in the 14th century. Ruthenia Pronounced as roothn it is a Latinised form of the word Russia Ruthenian's is the name for an ethnic group of Slavonic people who, between the Golden Horde, Kievan Rus, Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had a very confused time in the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries. They came under the See of Rome with their Orthodox Rites intact, and the Ruthenian Catholic Church survives to this day, mostly in the USA and in the present time Ukraine. After the 18th Century partition of Poland, Ruthenia was split, largely between Austria-Hungary and Russia. The Russian Ruthenians, who to the Tsarist Russia were simply a lost tribe of Greater Russia, were subjected to intensive Russification with their cultural distinctions suppressed until the 1905 revolution, when there was something of a thaw in the Russian attitude to ethnic autonomy. The Hungarian Ruthenians, living in what is now Transcarpathian Ukraine, had a better time of things, with the accommodation of their identity going so far as the establishment of a Ruthenian Chair at the University of Lwow. Following on the First World War, it was this group of Ruthenians who were incorporated in the new state of Czechoslovakia as a semi-autonomous region. The agreement which governed that annexation was negotiated with a provision for eventual autonomy, but this proved illusory as it was only ratified in the wake of Munich and enacted by the fledgling Ruthen government only a day before the Hungarian army marched in during the upheavals of March 1939. Ruthenia's progress to forming the Transcarpathian District(Oblast) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was complete on its liberation by Soviet troops, it only remained for Stalin to give the necessary orders and everything was complete. When the Soviet Union was dissolved, Ruthenia remained within the Transcarpathian District(Oblast) of the present day Ukraine.

• published: 15 Dec 2009
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